![]() ![]() For example, subjective interpretation of equiluminant stimuli, such as greyscale images of the sun elicit greater pupil constriction than those of the moon ( Binda et al., 2013b). These involuntary pupil responses were once thought to be driven only by afferent visual stimulation, or automatic activation from emotional responses ( Bradley et al., 2008 Partala and Surakka, 2003), however, recent studies suggest that pupil size is sensitive to higher order perceptual and cognitive processes. Pupils constrict in response to brightness whereas they dilate in response to dark conditions (known as the pupillary light response or reflex) while these responses are related, they are considered to be driven by different neural pathways (see Mathôt, 2018 for a review). ![]() Our pupil’s ability to change size is an important physiological response that adjusts the amount of light hitting the retina to optimize vision and protect the retina. This work also provides the first physiological validation of aphantasia. Our results provide evidence that the pupillary light response indexes the sensory strength of visual imagery. We also demonstrated that a group of individuals without visual imagery (aphantasia) do not show any significant evidence of an imagery pupillary light response, however they do show perceptual pupil light responses and pupil dilation with larger cognitive load. Further, the trial-by-trial phenomenological vividness of visual imagery is tracked by the imagery pupillary light response. Here, we show that the imagery pupillary light response correlates with objective measures of sensory imagery strength. Recent work has shown that the pupil also adjusts in response to illusory brightness and a range of cognitive functions, however, it remains unclear what exactly drives these endogenous changes. The pupillary light response is an important automatic physiological response which optimizes light reaching the retina. ![]()
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